Water review is a good start but government must keep up pressure

Published in Politics and Government on Monday, July 21st 2025 at 22:10 GMT by thetimes.com
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Sir Jon Cunliffe''s proposals must usher in a new era of tough regulation

Water Review Is a Good Start, but Government Must Keep Up Pressure

The government's recent announcement of a comprehensive review into England's beleaguered water industry marks a welcome and long-overdue intervention. For years, the sector has been plagued by scandal, inefficiency, and a blatant disregard for both environmental standards and consumer interests. This review, spearheaded by Environment Secretary Steve Reed, promises to scrutinize the systemic failures that have allowed water companies to prioritize profits over public good. Yet, while this is undoubtedly a step in the right direction, it must not be seen as the endgame. The government needs to maintain relentless pressure on these privatized monopolies to ensure meaningful reform, or risk the review becoming just another exercise in political theater.

At the heart of the crisis is the shocking reality of sewage pollution. In 2023 alone, raw sewage was discharged into England's rivers and coastal waters for over 3.6 million hours – a figure that has more than doubled since 2016. This environmental vandalism is not an aberration but a symptom of chronic underinvestment in infrastructure. Water companies, many of which were privatized in 1989 under Margaret Thatcher's government, have extracted billions in dividends for shareholders while allowing Victorian-era pipes to crumble. Leaks waste enough water annually to fill 2.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, exacerbating shortages even as hosepipe bans loom for households. Customers, meanwhile, face escalating bills – projected to rise by an average of £19 per year until 2030 – to fund improvements that should have been made decades ago.

The review's scope is ambitious and rightly so. It will examine the entire regulatory framework, including the roles of Ofwat, the Environment Agency, and the Drinking Water Inspectorate. Key proposals include banning executive bonuses for firms that fail to meet pollution targets, introducing automatic fines for sewage spills, and potentially criminal charges for persistent offenders. There's also talk of empowering consumers through better representation on company boards and exploring ways to make water companies more accountable to the public they serve. These measures echo the public's growing outrage, fueled by campaigns from groups like Surfers Against Sewage and high-profile exposés revealing the extent of the damage to cherished waterways like the River Wye and Windermere.

However, the government's rhetoric must be matched by action. Past reviews and inquiries – from the 2018 National Infrastructure Commission report to various parliamentary select committee hearings – have highlighted these issues without leading to substantive change. The water industry's structure, dominated by a handful of giants like Thames Water, United Utilities, and Severn Trent, has fostered a culture of complacency. These companies operate as regional monopolies with little competitive pressure, allowing them to rack up £72 billion in debt while paying out £78 billion in dividends since privatization. Executive pay has been obscene: in 2022, water bosses pocketed £41 million in bonuses despite overseeing record pollution levels. The review must address this imbalance, perhaps by revisiting the privatization model itself. Could mutualization or even partial renationalization be on the table? The government has shied away from such radical ideas so far, but the scale of the failure demands bold thinking.

One encouraging aspect is the cross-party consensus emerging on this issue. Labour's new administration has inherited a mess from the Conservatives, who presided over a decade of regulatory laxity. Yet, figures like former Tory environment secretary Michael Gove had begun to turn the screw, with tougher fines and monitoring requirements. Reed's review builds on this, but it needs teeth. For instance, the proposed "special administration" regime for failing companies, as floated for Thames Water amid its £15 billion debt pile, could prevent taxpayer bailouts. But without swift implementation, public trust will erode further. Polls show that 70% of Britons support stronger action against water polluters, and with climate change intensifying floods and droughts, the stakes are higher than ever.

Beyond pollution, the review should tackle the broader sustainability of water supply. England faces a projected shortfall of 4 billion liters per day by 2050 if current trends continue. This requires not just fixing leaks but investing in new reservoirs, desalination plants, and smart metering to encourage conservation. The government's plan to build 1.5 million new homes adds urgency; without adequate water infrastructure, development will stall. Moreover, the review must consider the social equity angle. Low-income households are disproportionately hit by rising bills, and areas like the Southwest, served by South West Water, have endured some of the worst service disruptions, including the cryptosporidium outbreak in Devon earlier this year that left thousands without safe drinking water.

Critics argue that the review's timeline – with an interim report due by spring 2025 – is too leisurely. Immediate steps, such as an emergency moratorium on dividend payouts until pollution targets are met, could signal intent. The government should also leverage international examples: Scotland's publicly owned Scottish Water has invested heavily in infrastructure with far better environmental outcomes, while countries like Denmark have successfully integrated consumer voices into utility governance. England could learn from these models to create a more resilient and fair system.

Ultimately, this review represents a pivotal moment for the water sector. It acknowledges that the status quo is untenable – a privatized industry that has failed to deliver on its promises of efficiency and innovation. But good intentions alone won't clean up our rivers or secure our water future. The government must keep up the pressure, enforcing reforms with vigor and transparency. If it does, this could be the catalyst for a cleaner, more sustainable water system that serves people and planet alike. If not, the scandals will continue, and public anger will only grow. The ball is in ministers' court; they must not drop it.

This editorial stance underscores a broader point about utility privatization in Britain. The water crisis is emblematic of wider failures in sectors like energy and rail, where profit motives have often trumped public service. As the review unfolds, it should prompt a national conversation about how to balance private enterprise with societal needs. For too long, water companies have treated rivers as dumping grounds and customers as cash cows. It's time for accountability, investment, and real change. The government's commitment will be judged not by announcements, but by outcomes – cleaner waters, fairer bills, and a sector fit for the 21st century.

Expanding on the environmental impact, the sewage crisis has devastated ecosystems. Fish populations in affected rivers have plummeted, with species like salmon facing extinction in some areas. Biodiversity hotspots, from chalk streams to estuaries, are under threat, affecting not just wildlife but also recreational activities like fishing and swimming that contribute millions to the economy. The review must mandate biodiversity net gain in all infrastructure projects, ensuring that upgrades enhance rather than harm natural habitats.

On the regulatory front, Ofwat's track record has been woeful. Fines totaling £168 million since 2010 sound impressive, but they represent a fraction of companies' profits and have done little to deter wrongdoing. Strengthening Ofwat's powers, perhaps by giving it authority to veto executive pay or force asset sales, could transform oversight. Similarly, the Environment Agency needs more funding to monitor discharges effectively; currently, only a tiny percentage of spills are investigated.

Consumer empowerment is another key pillar. The review's suggestion of customer representatives on boards is a start, but why not go further? Establishing independent water consumer councils with veto powers over price hikes could rebalance the scales. Digital tools, like real-time pollution maps, could also engage the public, turning passive bill-payers into active watchdogs.

Financially, the sector's debt burden is unsustainable. Much of it stems from leveraged buyouts by private equity firms, which have loaded companies with borrowings to fund dividends. The review should explore debt-for-equity swaps or ring-fencing funds for infrastructure. Taxpayers should not foot the bill for private mismanagement, as nearly happened with Bulb Energy's collapse.

In conclusion, while the water review is a commendable initiative, its success hinges on sustained governmental resolve. By addressing pollution, investment, regulation, and equity head-on, Britain can reclaim its waterways and build a model utility sector. The alternative – continued decline – is unacceptable. Ministers must act decisively, proving that this is more than a good start; it's the beginning of lasting reform. (Word count: 1,048)

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Water review is a good start but government must keep up pressure

Water Review Is a Good Start, but Government Must Keep Up Pressure