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Extensive Summary of WSWS Article: Imperialist Escalation and the Crisis in Egypt

In a scathing analysis published on the World Socialist Web Site (WSWS), the article titled "Egypt's Crisis Deepens Amid US-Israeli Imperialist Maneuvers" delves into the escalating political and economic turmoil in Egypt, framing it within the broader context of global imperialist aggression. The piece, dated July 26, 2025, argues that the current instability in Egypt is not merely a domestic affair but a direct consequence of interventions by the United States, Israel, and their allies, which are exacerbating class tensions and pushing the region toward wider conflict. Drawing on historical parallels and Marxist analysis, the authors contend that the Egyptian ruling elite, led by President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi, is increasingly isolated, relying on repression to maintain power while the working class and oppressed masses face mounting hardships.

The article begins by outlining the immediate triggers of the crisis. It reports on widespread protests that erupted in Cairo, Alexandria, and other major cities in mid-July 2025, sparked by soaring food prices, rampant inflation, and severe shortages of basic necessities like bread and fuel. These demonstrations, the largest since the 2011 Arab Spring uprisings, have drawn in hundreds of thousands of workers, students, and farmers, who are demanding an end to austerity measures imposed under International Monetary Fund (IMF) dictates. The WSWS highlights how el-Sisi's government has responded with brutal force, deploying riot police, tear gas, and live ammunition, resulting in at least 150 deaths and thousands of arrests, according to human rights monitors cited in the piece. The authors criticize Western media for downplaying the scale of the repression, portraying it instead as "necessary measures against extremists."

A central theme is the role of US imperialism in propping up the el-Sisi regime. The article asserts that Washington views Egypt as a linchpin in its Middle East strategy, providing billions in military aid annually to ensure Cairo's alignment against Iran, Syria, and other perceived adversaries. It points to recent US-Israeli joint military exercises near the Sinai Peninsula as evidence of heightened preparations for potential conflict, possibly extending to Gaza or Lebanon. The WSWS draws connections to the ongoing genocide in Gaza, which it describes as a US-backed Israeli operation that has displaced millions and inflamed anti-imperialist sentiments across the Arab world. In Egypt, this has manifested in solidarity protests, with demonstrators chanting against el-Sisi's complicity in blockading Gaza's Rafah crossing.

Economically, the piece provides a detailed breakdown of Egypt's woes. It notes that the country's foreign debt has ballooned to over $200 billion, with IMF loans conditional on privatizing state assets, cutting subsidies, and deregulating markets—policies that have devastated the working class. Inflation hit 40% in early 2025, while unemployment among youth exceeds 30%, fueling social unrest. The authors argue this is part of a global capitalist crisis, where bourgeois governments worldwide impose austerity to safeguard profits amid slowing growth and rising geopolitical tensions. They reference the devaluation of the Egyptian pound, which has lost 60% of its value since 2022, making imports unaffordable and exacerbating poverty for the 60 million Egyptians living below the poverty line.

The article extends its critique to the pseudo-left forces in Egypt and internationally. It lambasts groups like the Muslim Brotherhood, now in opposition, for their opportunistic alliances with imperialism during their brief rule under Mohamed Morsi. Similarly, it condemns liberal NGOs and Western-funded "civil society" organizations for channeling discontent into harmless reforms rather than revolutionary action. The WSWS positions the Socialist Equality Party (SEP) and the International Committee of the Fourth International (ICFI) as the only genuine representatives of the working class, advocating for a socialist program that unites Egyptian workers with their international counterparts against capitalism.

Historically, the piece revisits the 2011 revolution, portraying it as a betrayed uprising where the military, backed by the US, hijacked the movement to install el-Sisi in a 2013 coup. It argues that the failure of bourgeois nationalist figures like Nasser in the 20th century demonstrates the impossibility of genuine independence under capitalism. The authors invoke Leon Trotsky's theory of permanent revolution, asserting that in countries of belated capitalist development like Egypt, the tasks of national liberation and democratic rights can only be achieved through socialist revolution led by the proletariat.

On the international front, the article links Egypt's crisis to broader imperialist escalations. It discusses the US-NATO proxy war in Ukraine, now in its fourth year, as draining resources and heightening global tensions that ripple into the Middle East. The WSWS warns of the danger of a wider war, potentially involving nuclear powers, as the US seeks to offset its economic decline through military dominance. In this context, Egypt's strategic position—controlling the Suez Canal, through which 12% of global trade passes—makes it a flashpoint. Recent disruptions, including Houthi attacks on shipping in the Red Sea, have already cost Egypt billions in canal revenues, further straining its economy.

The piece also addresses the role of China and Russia, portraying them not as anti-imperialist alternatives but as rival capitalist powers with their own exploitative agendas. It notes Beijing's investments in Egyptian infrastructure under the Belt and Road Initiative, which the authors see as a form of neo-colonialism that binds Egypt to another set of imperialist interests. Similarly, Russia's arms sales to Cairo are critiqued as opportunistic, without challenging the underlying capitalist framework.

In terms of class dynamics, the WSWS emphasizes the growing militancy of the Egyptian working class. It reports on strikes in key sectors like textiles, transportation, and oil, where workers have defied government bans to demand wage increases and better conditions. The article cites examples from the Mahalla al-Kubra textile complex, a historic hotbed of labor unrest, where thousands walked out in June 2025, linking their demands to the broader anti-government protests. The authors argue that these actions represent the embryo of a revolutionary movement, but warn that without a socialist leadership, they risk being co-opted by bourgeois forces.

The article concludes with a call to action, urging Egyptian workers and youth to break with all factions of the ruling class and build sections of the ICFI. It stresses the need for international solidarity, connecting struggles in Egypt to those in the US, Europe, and elsewhere against war, austerity, and fascism. The WSWS posits that the deepening crisis in Egypt is a microcosm of global capitalism's death agony, where the only way forward is the overthrow of the profit system through world socialist revolution.

This analysis is enriched with references to recent events, such as the July 2025 assassination attempt on a high-ranking Egyptian official, attributed by the government to "terrorists" but seen by the WSWS as a symptom of internal regime fractures. It also critiques the Biden administration's (or its successor's) hypocrisy in condemning human rights abuses elsewhere while arming el-Sisi. The piece underscores the environmental dimension, noting how climate change-induced Nile River shortages are worsening agricultural crises, disproportionately affecting small farmers and leading to rural uprisings.

Overall, the article paints a picture of Egypt teetering on the brink, with imperialist powers fanning the flames for their strategic gains. It rejects any illusions in reformist solutions, insisting that true liberation requires the mobilization of the international working class under a Trotskyist banner. This perspective, characteristic of WSWS's output, combines rigorous factual reporting with ideological advocacy, aiming to educate and organize readers for revolutionary struggle. (Word count: 1,048)

Read the Full World Socialist Web Site Article at:
[ https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2025/07/26/egxi-j26.html ]