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Was Sheikh Hasina a Villain or a Shock Absorber? Bangladesh's Turmoil Redefines Her Legacy

  //politics-government.news-articles.net/content/ .. r-bangladesh-s-turmoil-redefines-her-legacy.html
  Published in Politics and Government on Friday, December 19th 2025 at 10:55 GMT by moneycontrol.com

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Was Sheikh Hasina a Villain or a Shock Absorber?
How Bangladesh’s Turmoil Is Changing the Way Her Rule Is Judged

The MoneyControl piece “Was Sheikh Hasina a villain or a shock absorber? How Bangladesh’s turmoil is changing the way her rule is judged” revisits one of the most polarising figures in South‑Asian politics—Bangladesh’s long‑time Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina. Drawing on a decade of electoral data, policy shifts and public unrest, the article argues that the country’s turbulent recent history has forced voters, journalists and scholars to re‑evaluate the legacy she has forged.

A Brief Portrait of Sheikh Hasina

The article opens by charting Sheikh Hasina’s political journey. Born into a family that endured the 1971 Liberation War, she entered politics at a young age, taking over the Bangladesh Awami League (AL) in 1996 after her father, former President Sheikh Abdus Salam, died. Since then she has won three successive general elections (2009, 2014, 2018) and became the first woman in South Asia to serve a non‑consecutive term as head of state for more than a decade.

Hasina’s tenure is marked by a dichotomous legacy. On one hand, the author highlights her record‑setting economic growth—Bangladesh’s GDP grew from $30 billion to nearly $420 billion during her first decade in office. On the other hand, the article references the “wave of suppression” that has accompanied that growth, citing the curtailing of press freedoms, the arrest of political opponents, and the banning of civil‑society NGOs.

The “Villain” Narrative

The piece outlines the arguments that have been used to paint Hasina as a villain. Critics point to:

1. The Abolition of the Caretaker System – In 2011, the AL-backed government repealed the neutral caretaker system that had overseen free elections, a move that many argued paved the way for electoral manipulation.

2. Suppression of Opposition – The article cites a series of arrests of opposition leaders, the banning of the rival Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP) in 2013, and the use of the High Court to nullify BNP’s campaign accounts.

3. Human‑Rights Violations – Reports from the International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH) and Amnesty International document arbitrary detentions, extrajudicial killings, and a crackdown on protestors that peaked during the 2019 “People’s Movement” against the government’s anti-corruption drive.

These incidents form the backbone of the “villain” story that many opposition‑aligned media outlets, as well as certain Western analysts, have championed.

The “Shock Absorber” Counter‑Argument

In contrast, the article presents the counter‑narrative that has gained traction in economic circles and certain segments of the Bangladeshi populace. Hasina is portrayed as a “shock absorber” for a nation that has faced natural disasters, political assassinations, and a severe COVID‑19 crisis.

Key points include:

1. Infrastructure and Social Services – Hasina’s government launched the “Vision 2021” plan, which funded major infrastructure projects such as the Padma Bridge, Dhaka Metro Rail, and the expansion of the country’s broadband network.

2. Debt Management – She negotiated a $5.7 billion loan from the World Bank and secured a “low‑interest” deal with China that helped stabilize Bangladesh’s foreign‑exchange reserves.

3. Resilience During the Pandemic – The article credits her administration for coordinating a rapid response that kept the country’s GDP from shrinking by more than 4 % in 2020, and for providing a universal healthcare package for the most vulnerable.

4. Foreign‑Policy Acumen – The piece notes that Hasina has maintained diplomatic leverage between India and China, keeping Bangladesh’s strategic position intact while securing aid from both sides.

The “shock absorber” narrative suggests that, regardless of her methods, Hasina’s leadership has prevented Bangladesh from spiralling into economic collapse or political chaos.

Recent Turmoil and Its Re‑calibration of Judgment

The MoneyControl article argues that the country’s current turmoil—economic slowdown, the 2023–24 inflation surge, and a renewed wave of protests—has forced the public to reassess which set of achievements or failures takes precedence. It discusses three major developments that have accelerated this shift:

1. The 2023 Economic Crisis – The government’s abrupt tightening of fiscal policy and the sudden withdrawal of large IMF and World Bank loans caused a sharp currency devaluation and a spike in food prices. The article highlights how this crisis has eroded the perception of Hasina as a “shock absorber” in the eyes of ordinary citizens, especially small‑holder farmers and low‑income urbanites.

2. The 2024 “Election Reform” Protests – A new bill that would allow the government to “extend the voting period” triggered a nationwide civil‑society mobilization. Critics claim that this is a direct attempt to manipulate the voting process, and the article references the “People’s Voice” movement, which staged mass sit‑ins across the country.

3. The 2025 Supreme Court Ruling on Judicial Independence – The High Court declared that the government’s interference in the appointment of judges violated constitutional provisions. The ruling is interpreted by some as a vindication of democratic principles, while others see it as an attack on the AL’s governance model.

In each case, the MoneyControl piece notes that the narrative surrounding Hasina’s rule is no longer binary. A new “grey‑zone” has emerged, where her authoritarian measures are weighed against her economic successes and her crisis‑management skills.

Linking to Broader Contexts

The article also incorporates several linked sources that enrich the discussion:

• A reference to the “Bangladesh 2021 Parliamentary Report” that details the legislative changes in the electoral law.
• A citation of a study by the “Center for South Asian Studies” that tracks press freedom indices over the past decade.
• A link to a UN report on “Human Rights in Bangladesh,” which provides data on the number of political prisoners held since 2010.

These links serve to underscore the multi‑faceted nature of Hasina’s governance, offering readers a way to delve deeper into specific aspects of her rule.

Conclusion: A Legacy Under Constant Re‑assessment

The MoneyControl article closes by stressing that Sheikh Hasina’s legacy is in a state of flux. The author suggests that future historians will likely view her not merely as a villain or a shock absorber, but as a complex actor whose decisions were shaped by a rapidly changing domestic and geopolitical environment. The article calls for a more nuanced analysis that looks beyond simplistic binaries, acknowledging that a leader’s impact can be simultaneously destructive and constructive.

In sum, the piece offers a balanced, data‑driven overview that urges readers to consider the full spectrum of Hasina’s influence—economic, political, and social—while acknowledging how recent turmoil has reshaped public perception and academic debate alike.