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Bangladesh Election Sparks Debate Over Military Influence

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  Published in Politics and Government on Thursday, January 29th 2026 at 4:02 GMT by Al Jazeera English
      Locales: Chittagong Division, Rajshahi Division, BANGLADESH

Dhaka, Bangladesh - January 29th, 2026 - Bangladesh finds itself at a critical juncture following the recent general election, a contest that, while delivering a decisive victory for the Awami League led by Sheikh Hasina, has reignited a long-standing debate: to what extent does the military continue to exert influence over the nation's political landscape?

For a nation born from the fires of liberation in 1971, Bangladesh's journey towards stable democratic governance has been consistently punctuated by periods of military intervention. The early decades after independence were marred by a succession of coups and spells of martial law, embedding a pattern of military involvement in civilian affairs. While civilian governments have held power for extended periods, the question of whether the military operates as a shadow power, subtly shaping policy and political outcomes, remains a persistent concern.

The most recent election, though resulting in a clear mandate for the Awami League, was not without controversy. Opposition parties have vociferously claimed widespread irregularities, alleging intimidation of supporters, politically motivated arrests, and a pervasive atmosphere of fear that suppressed genuine electoral participation. Though concrete proof is difficult to obtain, suspicions naturally fall on the potential for behind-the-scenes maneuvering by the military.

This isn't simply about overt displays of force. The military's influence in Bangladesh is multifaceted and often operates through less visible channels. Key to understanding this dynamic is recognizing the military's continued control over strategic sectors of the economy and national security. Large-scale infrastructure projects are frequently spearheaded by military-affiliated organizations, affording them significant economic leverage. Similarly, the military retains a powerful role in maintaining internal security, extending their reach and influence into the fabric of daily life.

"The military doesn't need to seize power to wield power," explains Dr. Anika Rahman, a political analyst at the University of Dhaka. "They've learned that influence can be maintained through control of resources, key appointments, and a cultivated culture of deference within the political elite. It's a subtle form of control, but incredibly effective."

The current government insists that the military operates strictly within constitutional boundaries, subordinate to civilian authority. However, critics point to the military's frequent involvement in advisory roles within various government departments and its participation in law enforcement operations as evidence that these lines are frequently blurred. The presence of retired military officers in key bureaucratic positions also raises concerns about undue influence and the perpetuation of a military-centric worldview within the government.

Furthermore, the lack of full transparency regarding military budgets and procurement practices fuels speculation about the extent of their financial power and potential for unchecked influence. Civil society organizations have repeatedly called for greater accountability and independent oversight of military spending, but these demands have largely gone unmet.

The aftermath of the election will be critical in determining whether Bangladesh can truly consolidate its democratic institutions. The international community, including organizations like the European Union and the United Nations, are closely monitoring the situation and have urged the government to address the opposition's concerns and ensure a level playing field for future elections. Maintaining stability requires more than simply securing a majority; it necessitates fostering genuine trust and inclusivity.

Looking ahead, several key factors will shape the future of civil-military relations in Bangladesh. A commitment to strengthening independent institutions, promoting media freedom, and upholding the rule of law are essential steps. Equally important is fostering a national dialogue about the appropriate role of the military in a democratic society. Without addressing these fundamental issues, the shadow of military interference will continue to loom large, hindering Bangladesh's progress towards a truly stable and democratic future.