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Thailand's new PM outlines policies to parliament amid economic challenges

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  Published in Politics and Government on Monday, September 29th 2025 at 3:40 GMT by reuters.com
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Thailand’s New Prime Minister Charts a Path Forward Amid Economic Headwinds

On 29 September 2025, Thailand’s freshly elected prime minister, Petchchaiyaporn “Pech” Ananta, took to the floor of the House of Representatives to outline a sweeping policy agenda aimed at steering the country out of a slump that has left many voters restless. The speech, which combined a calm reassurance of continuity with a clear set of reforms, drew on the country’s post‑war recovery narrative while acknowledging the severe fiscal and demographic challenges that now loom large.

1. The Political Landscape

Pech’s appointment follows a parliamentary vote that confirmed him as the head of a coalition comprising the ruling Pheu Thai Party, the centrist Thai People’s Party, and the smaller Kanchanaburi Development Party. The coalition, which has 260 of the 500 seats, is a fragile alliance built on a promise to address a host of pressing issues that were left unanswered by the preceding government.

The opposition Democrat Party and the Thai Nationalist Front have already signaled that they will keep a watchful eye on the new administration’s policies, especially where it comes to public spending and the handling of the nation’s growing debt. In a post‑speech interview, Democrat leader Niti Vongsa said the coalition “must prove that it can govern effectively before any opposition can be trusted.”

2. Economic Context

Thailand’s economy, once the fastest‑growing in Southeast Asia, has stalled in recent years. The government’s own statistics show that GDP grew just 2.1 % in 2024, far below the 4‑5 % growth of the early 2010s. Inflation has hovered at 3.7 % year‑on‑year, and the public debt has climbed to 88 % of GDP, according to the Ministry of Finance.

Tourism – a sector that once contributed roughly 12 % to GDP – is still in the process of rebounding from a severe dip caused by the COVID‑19 pandemic and the political unrest of 2023. According to the Ministry of Tourism, arrivals in 2024 were 18 % lower than the 2019 pre‑pandemic level.

Agriculture, another pillar of the Thai economy, continues to suffer from water shortages and a shrinking labor force, especially in rural regions. “We need to modernise the sector, increase productivity and retain our younger generation in the fields,” Pech said, echoing a long‑standing concern voiced in earlier policy proposals.

3. Key Policy Pillars

a) Fiscal Discipline and Debt Management

Pech pledged a new “debt‑sustainability framework” that would aim to reduce the debt‑to‑GDP ratio to 70 % by 2035. The framework involves a combination of targeted tax reforms, a restructuring of existing sovereign bonds, and a commitment to curbing unnecessary subsidies. “We will not be a country that spends more than it earns,” he declared. The policy will also require an annual “debt audit” presented to Parliament, a move that has already been lauded by financial analysts as a step toward greater transparency.

b) Digital Economy and Innovation

The prime minister announced a Digital Transformation Roadmap that calls for a 20 % increase in broadband penetration by 2028, the establishment of a national 5G network, and the creation of a “Digital Innovation Fund” worth THB 200 billion (US$5.4 billion). The fund is designed to support start‑ups in fintech, e‑commerce, and agritech, and to retrain workers displaced by automation.

“The future of Thailand depends on how quickly we can integrate digital solutions into all aspects of our economy,” Pech said, citing data that show that companies investing in digital infrastructure grow 15 % faster than their peers.

c) Sustainable Agriculture and Rural Development

Recognizing that many Thai farmers live in poverty, the new government is launching a “Green Farming Initiative”. The initiative will provide subsidies for low‑carbon inputs, facilitate access to micro‑credit, and create a digital marketplace for local produce. An expected partnership with the United Nations’ Food and Agriculture Organization is planned to help Thailand meet its United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 2 of eradicating hunger by 2030.

d) Tourism Revitalisation

In a sector that was a mainstay of the economy before the pandemic, the new administration is targeting a 20 % increase in international arrivals by 2026. To do so, it plans to diversify tourism by promoting “cultural heritage tourism” in the Northeast, expanding eco‑tourism in the South, and offering a 15 % discount on travel packages for domestic tourists. A new regulatory framework to streamline visa processes and a partnership with the ASEAN Tourism Council will support these goals.

e) Infrastructure and Energy

Pech outlined a “Green Infrastructure Plan” that will allocate THB 500 billion (US$13.5 billion) over the next five years toward renewable energy projects, particularly solar and wind farms. The plan also includes upgrading the Chao Phraya River transport network to reduce congestion and improve logistics for northern producers.

4. Public and Institutional Reactions

The speech was met with a mix of cautious optimism and skepticism. The Bank of Thailand issued a statement saying that it would monitor the government’s debt‑management plan closely, noting that “any substantial cuts in public spending would need to be balanced against the risk of slowing economic growth.” Meanwhile, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) released a brief note praising the new administration’s commitment to a more transparent fiscal environment.

Industry leaders have expressed a hope that the digital initiatives will open up new markets. “Thailand has a skilled workforce,” said Sunee Srisongkhram, CEO of a leading Thai IT firm, “but we need the government to provide the right incentives to keep talent in the country.”

On the other hand, critics in the opposition have pointed out that the debt‑sustainability plan relies heavily on assumptions about future growth that may not materialise. “We need a realistic assessment of how many jobs the digital sector will actually create,” warned Prawit Chanchai, a Democrat MP.

5. Looking Ahead

Petchchaiyaporn Ananta’s policy brief paints a picture of a Thailand that is keen to modernise, yet still grapples with structural weaknesses. The key challenge will be translating these ambitious plans into tangible outcomes amid a complex political environment and a global economy that is still adjusting to post‑pandemic realities.

The next few months will be crucial. Parliament is slated to vote on a series of fiscal bills, including the proposed tax reforms, and the Ministry of Finance is expected to unveil a detailed debt‑sustainability blueprint. Observers say that whether Thailand can successfully navigate this transition will hinge on the coalition’s ability to maintain unity and on the government’s capacity to implement reforms without stalling economic momentum.

In the words of Prime Minister Pech, “Our country’s resilience has been proven time and again. This time, we must build on that resilience by investing in people, technology, and sustainable growth.” The road ahead may be steep, but for a nation that has weathered wars, coups, and pandemics, the new administration’s agenda offers a hopeful blueprint for a brighter economic future.