Mon, January 20, 2025
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: fox13now
Inauguration Day Latest: Trump issues pardons for Jan. 6 rioters and signs more executive actions
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: WFAA8
The 10 shortest inaugural speeches in US history
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: PBS
Tamara Keith and Amy Walter on how Trump and Washington have changed since his first term
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: scrippsnews
Trump signs orders to end remote work for government and set bureaucratic priorities
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Crikey
Trump's executive orders can make change - but are limited and can be undone by the courts
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: scrippsnews
Vivek Ramaswamy will not serve in new Department of Government Efficiency
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Mediaite
BREAKING: Biden Pardons Anthony Fauci, Mark Mille .. Liz Cheney and Other J6 Select Committee Figures
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: ABC
Biden preemptively pardons Anthony Fauci, Mark Milley and Jan. 6 committee members
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: WJCL
Trump's family circle has a different look as he returns to the White House
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Politico
Trump's Message: Take Me Seriously AND Literally
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: CNN
Trump's inaugural address, annotated and fact-checked
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: coloradopolitics
Colorado Parks and Wildlife releases 20 wolves in Eagle and Pitkin counties
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: ABC
Trump inaugural address: Scathing rebuke of Biden .. s 'horrible betrayal' and vision for 'Golden Age'
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Firstpost
Inauguration LIVE Updates: Donald Trump is back as US president, to address nation shortly
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Reuters
Trump promises show of strength on return to White House
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: ABC
Trump set to dismantle DEI within federal government in first day executive action
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: WFAA8
Who had the longest (and shortest) inauguration speeches
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: PBS
What is an executive order? Here's what the tool can and can't do
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Live updates: Trump's inauguration to be held inside Capitol; Biden, Harris to leave White House
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Politico
Playbook: Trump's second coming
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Politico
Florida's 'coming out party'
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
As Trump takes office, what to know about local l .. forcement's cooperation with ICE for deportations
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Slate
Hello, Kash Patel
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
D-Day: the full schedule of Trump's inauguration
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
President-elect Trump, VP-elect JD Vance lay wreath at Arlington Cemetery ahead of inauguration
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Slate
Hello, Elon Musk
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Slate
Hello, Linda McMahon
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
What is open on Martin Luther King Day and Inauguration Day 2025?
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Donald Trump breaks into dance day before returning as US president. Watch viral video
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
The war in Ukraine is the fault of Washington and its allies, according to the Kremlin
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Federal Employees Adapt Job Descriptions Amid DOGE Scrutiny
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
DOGE officially comes to power today. Here's what's likely first on the agenda.
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: cnbctv18
Ladki Bahin Yojana: Ineligible beneficiaries will .. asked to return money, says Maharashtra Minister
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Ration card rules 2025: e-KYC is now mandatory | Check eligibility criteria and other details
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: WHYY
Trump's 2nd term represents hope for the right and fear of a dark era for others
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: coloradopolitics
Trump's potential flood of policy changes after inauguration could spell big changes in Colorado
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: CNN
Inauguration of Donald Trump and JD Vance
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Donald Trump is a wannabe dictator and the UK should treat him as such
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Donald Trump inauguration day: Oath ceremony date .. attending and who's not; full schedule of events
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
A look at the week ahead in our SD state government
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Owen Polley: Keir Starmer and his Labour governme .. proving blind to issues with the Irish Sea border
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Fox News exposure linked to Republican gains in elections over two decades
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
New 'oligarchy' under fire as elites descend on Davos
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
DWP to announce reform of health and disability benefits amid warning
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Donald Trump inauguration: Full schedule, timings .. eremony, key details, tea meet, post-event lineup
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Vance will make his mark as the first millennial vice president and the potential MAGA torchbearer
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Indiatimes
Delhi Elections 2025 Live Updates: Kejriwal write .. equesting housing scheme for government employees
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Gov. Polis to attend Trump's inauguration
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
Government to track and freeze petrol prices each day under new cost-of-living fuel plan
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: Reuters
Triumphant Trump returns to White House, launching new era of upheaval
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
When and Where to Watch Donald Trump's US President Inauguration Ceremony
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: ABC
Trump holds 'Make America Great Again Victory Rally' on inauguration eve
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: MSN
'BJP Only Did Marketing, No Preparation': 'Fiery' Politics Erupts Over Fire at Maha Kumbh Mela
[ Mon, Jan 20th ]: CNN
Trump's comeback will begin with a blast of executive power
Sun, January 19, 2025
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: KPBS
Trump's 2nd term brings hope but also fear. Here's what he's promised to focus on
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Keir Starmer congratulates Donald Trump ahead of inauguration
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: CNN
Trump rallies with supporters ahead of tomorrow's inauguration
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Melania Trump offers MELANIA meme coin, instantly worth billions
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: KGW8
Are banks open on Inauguration Day?
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: BBC
Grooming gang victim's story 'downplayed' in Senedd
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: PBS
Trump's inauguration will be the first in U.S. history to be attended by foreign leaders
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: WBEZ
What does Trump's second term mean for Chicago?
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: HuffPost
Trump Now Has A Loyal Team, But Overreach Could Again Threaten His Success
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: CNN
Trump prepares for aggressive push of Day 1 executive actions
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: Sky
A not so special relationship? The seven key chal .. ges faced by Starmer in dealing with Donald Trump
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Trump to start 'two year race' to change America and the world as he returns to the White House
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: PBS
What Trump has promised for his 2nd administration
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: Sky
Government 'doesn't think' Donald Trump will impo .. riffs on UK - but is 'prepared for all scenarios'
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: Gizmodo
How to Bypass the US TikTok Ban With a VPN
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: CNN
Trump to rally with supporters ahead of tomorrow's inauguration
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
US President-Elect Donald Trump Meets Nita And Mukesh Ambani Ahead Of His Inauguration Ceremony
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: Krone
German ambassador to the USA warns against Trump
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: Politico
The biggest name in Canada's race to replace Justin Trudeau: Donald Trump
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Inauguration Day is tomorrow - Here's a complete .. to Fox News Channel's coverage and what to expect
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: rnz
Social media has a 'fascinating' impact on politi .. engagement, University of Auckland professor says
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Comelec: Reprinting of fresh ballots to start Jan. 22
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
First pictures of Mukesh Ambani, Nita Ambani at D .. ald Trump's pre-inauguration dinner in Washington
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Liz Truss Has Gone To Washington For Donald Trump .. uration And The Social Media Reaction Is Not Kind
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Delhi never seen such poll campaign when 'murderous attack' attempted on ex-CM: Kejriwal
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Manila mayoral race remains fluid - survey firm
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Delhi Election 2025: 'Could not fulfil THESE thre .. s', Arvind Kejriwal asks for another 'five years'
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Netanyahu reiterates no ceasefire without hostage .. list; Hamas says delay due to 'technical reasons'
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
8th Pay Commission: Will government employees get .. rs if there is a delay in the 8th Pay Commission?
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Putin received a stern warning from Biden over plane explosive schemes
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Trump surprises Ukraine, Israel, China, Canada, Greenland
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Donald Trump's Inauguration. Full schedule of the ceremony
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Who are the winners and losers in ending the Gaza war?
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Donald Trump Inauguration: Why is president-elect glaring in official photo?
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Tory voters are split on whether party should merge with Reform UK
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Bill Gates reveals surprising takeaways from dinner with Donald Trump
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
PM Modi government turned ease of doing business into unease: Congress
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
Trump inauguration: US President-elect Donald Tru .. ife Melania attend fireworks at golf club | Watch
[ Sun, Jan 19th ]: MSN
There Is No Law And Order In Maharashtra, Says Ru .. hayuti Ajit Pawar-led NCP leader Zeeshan Siddique
Sat, January 18, 2025
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: Politico
Joe Biden Didn't Just Lose the White House. He Lost His Legacy.
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: CNN
Trump 2.0 vs. the US Constitution, annotated
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: thenightly
Peter Dutton vows to return entertainment expenses to small businesses' tax deductions
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: BBC
Thousands gather at Washington march as Trump prepares for inauguration
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: ABC
'Oligarchy 2.0': Experts weigh in on whether Biden's warning about wealthy justified
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: CNN
The latest on Trump's presidential transition as inauguration nears
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Trump's second inauguration to see smaller protests and fewer Democratic boycotts
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
NYC Mayor Adams says he and Trump didn't discuss his corruption case during Florida meeting
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
NBC casts dark light on Biden legacy and current White House mood: 'Like a morgue'
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: KGOU
After major 2024 defeats, the Democratic Party searches for a new direction
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: thenightly
Here are five areas to watch in the Australian economy under Donald Trump 2.0
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: WESA
Legal fight over who's to blame for Pa. mortgage program woes continues
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Voices: Tactical voting was Keir Starmer's secret .. weapon. Next time, it could be turned against him
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Maher slams Los Angeles wildfires response and 'wokeness'
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
For TikTok users, mourning, frustration and clinging to hope as TikTok ban looms
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Trump moves inauguration indoors amid record-brea .. t of Democrats skipping event grows: Live updates
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Texas is already policing the Mexican border ? an .. le in any Trump plan to crack down on immigration
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: WESA
What to do if you have an issue with your municipal water or wastewater authority
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Munde Must Resign Since He Holds Position Of Fina .. ial Gain: Anti-Corruption Activist Anjali Damania
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: BBC
TikTok faces ban in US by Sunday after Supreme Court rejects appeal
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: Yahoo
When does Trump take office? A guide to the 2025 .. cluding what to expect, the schedule and tickets.
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Top Indiana House leaders talk session on All INdiana Politics
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Israel's cabinet approves ceasefire and hostage deal with Hamas
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Keir Starmer discusses bolstered partnership between UK and Poland
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Refugees and resettlement groups brace for a second Trump presidency
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Israel approves ceasefire and hostage release deal with Hamas, beginning Sunday
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Biden leaves office nostalgic about five-decade career, and frustrated by how It ended
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
ASEAN and China must start tackling thorny issues of South China Sea code, Philippines says
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Why BJP's Delhi election campaign is all about Arvind Kejriwal
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
The dawn of a new nationalist era: Trump's second .. t away from liberalism - Steven Edginton analysis
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Budget must address the needs of small farmers
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Trump, Farage, Labour and that Senedd budget: How will politics play out in 2025?
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
8th Pay Commission: Who will benefit from the 8th Pay Commission and how, see detailed report here
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Donald Trump Oath Ceremony 2025: Date, Time, and Other Key Details
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: ProPublica
Following a Series of Government Hacks, Biden Clo .. t His Administration With New Cybersecurity Order
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: ABC
Merrick Garland exits with his record under scrut .. y and the Justice Department bracing for upheaval
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: MSN
Trump's influence spreads through state capitols in both substance and symbolism
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: justthenews
Feds disbar EcoHealth Alliance and its former president after COVID controversy
[ Sat, Jan 18th ]: Esquire
Donald Trump Will Be Sworn In at a Podium In a Rotunda His Supporters Desecrated on Jan. 6
Fri, January 17, 2025
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: CNN
Trump's presidential transition: TikTok ban looms as inauguration moves inside
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: ABC
RFK Jr. petitioned FDA in 2021 to revoke authorization of all COVID vaccines
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
MLK Day 2025: What's Open And Closed In Columbia
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Biden team resolves its final Title VI antisemitism and anti-Arab cases
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Starmer visits 'harrowing' Auschwitz and vows renewed fight against antisemitism
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Vox
The bright side of TikTok's downfall
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Russia's gas pipeline politics risk alienating its European allies
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: WLRN
After judge removes Riviera Beach candidates from March ballot, one councilman wants law changed
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Ozempic, Wegovy and other new drugs are selected for Medicare's price negotiations
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Richmond
It's freezing outside. And many of Richmond's homeless don't have a place to go.
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Slate
The Supreme Court Nailed Its Decision to Uphold the TikTok Ban
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: KING5
The Trump effect: What will Washington state look like in a second term?
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Central Government Greenlights 8th Pay Commission .. ners, Promise Of Better Salaries Ahead | ABP News
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Government: 'Grooming gangs audit not because of Elon Musk pressure'
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: CNN
Trump pick Kristi Noem to appear at confirmation hearing
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Supreme Court upholds law that could force TikTok to shut down in U.S.
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Sky
Kemi Badenoch hits back at claims she would means test pensions triple lock
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: WHYY
How Trump's political and business interests will intersect in the White House
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Russell Vought could expand power of Trump's budget office
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Reuters
Former Canada finance minister Freeland running to replace Trudeau
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: RealClearPolitics
Scarborough: Elon Musk Is The Last Person To Trus .. e He Would Do Exactly What The Chinese Would Want
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: ABC
Biden administration will leave it to Trump to implement TikTok ban
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Trump Plans to Designate Cryptocurrency as a National Priority
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Pakistan's former Prime Minister Imran Khan sentenced to 14 years in jail for corruption
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Richmond
Key bill on data center oversight fails; rural-suburban split emerging
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: RealClearPolitics
Student Governments Must Ditch National Politics
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Delhi Projected To Go Into Revenue Deficit After 30 Years | Subsidy Bill Explodes | Watch
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Democrats' defeat leads to "demobilization and surrender" ahead of Trump's inauguration
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: CNN
American Battleground: Trump and his quest for power prepare to confront the realities of winning
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Reuters
Nvidia CEO says not attending Trump's inauguration
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Slate
Trump's Biggest Political Liability Is Hiding in Plain Sight
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Government at work: How experienced are Chittenden County's representatives in Montpelier?
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: CNN
Federal employees quietly edit job descriptions to protect roles from DOGE scrutiny
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Politico
Pipeline politics and tariff threats
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Lindsay Owens: Donald Trump's tax giveaways for the rich, part II
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
India News Live Today January 17, 2025: Ease of t .. r priority for India: PM Modi at Global Expo 2025
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
California Gov. Gavin Newsom and tech billionaire Elon Musk have found some common ground
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
8th Pay Commission: Central Government Employees .. ike in 2026, Check Expected Salary and Pay Matrix
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Current Affairs One Liners 16 January 2025: 8th Pay Commission Approved By Government
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Macron to address growing hostility from Algeria, says French foreign minister
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Mark Carney says it's 'no time for politics as usual' as he launches campaign to replace Trudeau
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: Firstpost
Who is Mark Carney, ex-governor of Bank of Canada, who wants to take over from Trudeau?
[ Fri, Jan 17th ]: MSN
Israel Officially Inks Gaza Truce-Hostage Release Deal With Hamas After Trump's Warning
Thu, January 16, 2025
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Texas lawmakers can't pass bills for 60 days under constitution. Can they change that?
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: CNN
Senators hold confirmation hearings for Trump Cabinet picks
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Joe Biden pushes out 99% of 'Investing in America' funds before Donald Trump's return
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Trump picks a former air crewman and space expert to head the Air Force
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
'Do the right thing': Gavin Newsom and Mike Johnson trade jabs over California wildfire aid
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
BJP makes space for Nitish's JDU and Chirag Paswan in Delhi polls
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: Oregonian
Oregon's lawmakers get to work next week. Here are their stated priorities
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: Politico
Netanyahu keeps Washington waiting
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: deseret
Remembering Becky Lockhart a decade after her death
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Tories accused of showing 'collective amnesia' over record in government
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Maddow Blog | Thursday's Mini-Report, 1.16.25
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Biden's new executive order aims to shore up US cyber defenses
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Increases for public education, cuts to public health in Gov. Mike Braun's first budget
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: WLRN
A new proposal on recreational marijuana emerges, planned for 2026 ballot
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Does California's Economy Prop Up Red States?
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
MSNBC's Maddow Rips Trump Nominees to Shreds in B .. al Commentary on 'Classless and Tacky Transition'
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: Oregonian
NW Natural lobbyists also working for Oregon governments combatting climate change, report says
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
UK politics live: Labour announce rapid national .. ang review in partial climb down as Musk responds
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: CNN
People want to change the Constitution. What's next?
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
Will the TikTok ban take effect Sunday? Could Tru .. ere's where things stand on the app shutting down
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: Forbes
How Fortunes Will Be Made And Retirements Lost In The Next 4 Years
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: CNN
Teacher layoffs, bigger classes: Potential federal education cuts could hit GOP's base hardest
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: justthenews
Trump indicates he won't hire people who worked for opponents with 'TDS'
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
How many agents do Border Patrol and ICE have? See the numbers
[ Thu, Jan 16th ]: MSN
'He is what is wrong with politics!' Kemi Badenoch blasts Keir Starmer in major speech

First pictures of Mukesh Ambani, Nita Ambani at Donald Trump's pre-inauguration dinner in Washington


//politics-government.news-articles.net/content/ .. ump-s-pre-inauguration-dinner-in-washington.html
Published in Politics and Government on by MSN   Print publication without navigation

Mukesh Ambani and Nita Ambani attended a pre-swearing-in dinner for US President-elect Donald Trump in Washington DC.


The article from MSN discusses the attendance of Indian billionaire Mukesh Ambani and his wife Nita Ambani at a pre-inauguration dinner hosted by Donald Trump in Washington. The event, which took place before Trump's inauguration, was a gathering of notable figures from various sectors. The article highlights the significance of their presence, noting that it underscores the strong business and diplomatic ties between India and the United States. It also mentions that the dinner was part of a series of events leading up to the inauguration, showcasing Trump's intent to foster relationships with influential global business leaders. The piece includes exclusive photos of the Ambanis at the event, reflecting their high-profile status and the global reach of their business empire.

Read the Full MSN Article at:
[ https://www.msn.com/en-in/politics/government/first-pictures-of-mukesh-ambani-nita-ambani-at-donald-trump-s-pre-inauguration-dinner-in-washington/ar-AA1xs846 ]

Publication Contributing Sources